Year 4 maths builds upon the skills developed in lower Key Stage 2 and prepares students for more advanced mathematical concepts. A major focus is developing fluency with multiplication and division, including learning all times tables up to 12 × 12. Children use these facts to solve increasingly challenging calculations and multi-step problems. Students continue to strengthen their understanding of place value by working with numbers beyond 1,000. They practise addition and subtraction using formal written methods and learn how to multiply and divide larger numbers. Decimals are introduced, helping children understand tenths and how they relate to fractions and money. Fractions are explored in greater depth, with students learning to recognise equivalent fractions, count in fractions and add or subtract fractions with the same denominator. Measurement topics include converting between units, calculating perimeter and solving problems involving length, mass, volume and time. In geometry, children learn about angles, symmetry, coordinates and the properties of 2D and 3D shapes. They also collect, present and interpret data using charts, graphs and tables. Throughout Year 4 maths, students are encouraged to develop efficient methods, explain their reasoning and tackle increasingly complex problems. These skills provide a strong foundation for upper Key Stage 2 and help prepare children for the challenges of Years 5 and 6 mathematics.